In the second half of the 20th century, the Catholic Church faced a serious crisis related to the confrontation between modernists and traditionalists. The most radical minority of the latter broke away from the Holy See, creating autonomous communities of sedevacantists—Catholics who do not recognize the current Popes and consider the papal throne temporarily vacant.
Under the Red Flag Against the Bolsheviks: The History of KOMUCH
In the popular consciousness, the central conflict of the Russian Civil War is the confrontation between the "Reds" and the "Whites." However, in the summer of 1918, socialists—the SRs—formed Komuch and were at the forefront of anti-Bolshevik resistance in eastern Russia. Read about its history in the article by historian Said Zalyaev.
The Adventures of the Habsburgs in Mexico or the Rise and Fall of the Second Mexican Empire
In the 1860s, a curious political experiment was undertaken in Mexico: a representative of the Habsburg dynasty, with the support of France, ascended the throne of the restored Mexican Empire to reconcile the rival factions of conservatives and liberals. How this became possible and what it led to — read in the article by Arseniy Troparovsky.
In his article, historian Said Zalyaev traces the emergence and subsequent transformations of the meaning of the term "civil war" from Antiquity to the 21st century. At the same time, using examples from England, France, the USA, and Russia, he examines how "civil war" relates to "revolution."
The Alphabet of Hatred: How the Political Language of the Revolution Influenced the Start of the Civil War
In 1917, the political lexicon became an integral part of social conflict. It turned out that different groups interpreted the same terms differently: "democracy," "people," "bourgeoisie." How the language of the revolutionary era gradually turned into the alphabet of hatred for the impending civil war is discussed in the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.
"Wolf Cub": A story that hasn't been read for one hundred and twenty years
Misty autumnal Petersburg. A well-fed artist, enamored with the beauty of the city, encounters a homeless boy—hungry, proud, bristling like a wolf cub. The boy asks, "Take me with you." Out of whim and curiosity, the artist takes him—partly as a servant, partly as a picturesque "model." Behind the anecdote of the meeting of two worlds, the well-fed and the impoverished, lies a bitter question: is it possible to tame a wolf cub, and what will this endeavor cost both of them?
The Alphabet of Hatred: How the Political Language of the Revolution Influenced the Start of the Civil War
In 1917, the political lexicon became an integral part of social conflict. It turned out that different groups interpreted the same terms differently: "democracy," "people," "bourgeoisie." How the language of the revolutionary era gradually turned into the alphabet of hatred for the impending civil war is discussed in the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.
The history of the Weimar Republic is inextricably linked with the history of political parties. Like the republic itself, these parties did not appear out of nowhere and did not disappear into oblivion. The roots of most of them lay in the Kaiserreich, and after a 12-year Nazi hiatus, most were reestablished or served as the foundation for the creation of new parties that defined the political life of both German states in the second half of the 20th century.
The ideas of the Enlightenment always sparked heated debates, and many, while accepting certain elements of the era's worldview, decisively rejected others. Where is your limit of Enlightenment? Take the test and find out who you resemble more: the reactionary de Maistre, the conservative Burke, the religious philosopher Hamann, or the romantic nationalist Herder.
Since the 1960s, a confrontation has been unfolding within the Catholic Church between modernists, who support the updated Mass, and traditionalists, who adhere to the old Tridentine Mass. With the ascension of the new pontiff Leo XIV to the papal throne, these disputes have only intensified.
Volunteer and Revolutionary: An Attempt to Save the Russian Army in 1917
In 1917, the Russian army found itself in a deep crisis. In the context of the ongoing war, unconventional methods were needed to revive the military spirit. Thus, the concept of a volunteer revolutionary army emerged, which was intended to inspire the mobilized troops and eventually replace them with volunteers. To find out how this experiment ended, read the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.
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Ten Lithographs by Honoré Daumier
Lithography begins with a stone: the artist draws directly on smooth limestone, and thousands of prints are pulled from it. Honoré Daumier worked with such stones for thirty years, satirizing the July Monarchy. For "Gargantua," he was imprisoned in Sainte-Pélagie, and after "Rue Transnonain," the government bought up the prints and destroyed the stone itself. Ten of his sheets, from the pear-shaped Louis-Philippe to the Bonapartist scoundrel Ratapoil, demonstrate how a cheap newspaper image became both a weapon and an art form.
Trumpiad: The Electoral Odyssey of Donald Trump (1987-2024)
Americanist Pavel Dubravsky analyzes the phenomenon of Donald Trump: from his first steps in big business to his return to the White House despite defeat, criminal cases, and two assassination attempts. What principles and strategies transformed a man with no political experience into a figure who rewrote the rules of American politics? A course on the character, mistakes, and decisions that made Trump who he is, and on which of these lessons work far beyond politics.
"Wolf Cub": A story that hasn't been read for one hundred and twenty years
Misty autumnal Petersburg. A well-fed artist, enamored with the beauty of the city, encounters a homeless boy—hungry, proud, bristling like a wolf cub. The boy asks, "Take me with you." Out of whim and curiosity, the artist takes him—partly as a servant, partly as a picturesque "model." Behind the anecdote of the meeting of two worlds, the well-fed and the impoverished, lies a bitter question: is it possible to tame a wolf cub, and what will this endeavor cost both of them?
Under the Red Flag Against the Bolsheviks: The History of KOMUCH
In the popular consciousness, the central conflict of the Russian Civil War is the confrontation between the "Reds" and the "Whites." However, in the summer of 1918, socialists—the SRs—formed Komuch and were at the forefront of anti-Bolshevik resistance in eastern Russia. Read about its history in the article by historian Said Zalyaev.
If you lived in the Age of Enlightenment, you would surely be debating freedom of speech, equality, and morality by candlelight in a Parisian salon. But whose ideas would you defend to the end? Take the test and find out who is hidden within you: the rebel Voltaire, the dreamer Rousseau, the jurist Montesquieu, or the strict judge of reason Kant.
Volunteer and Revolutionary: An Attempt to Save the Russian Army in 1917
In 1917, the Russian army found itself in a deep crisis. In the context of the ongoing war, unconventional methods were needed to revive the military spirit. Thus, the concept of a volunteer revolutionary army emerged, which was intended to inspire the mobilized troops and eventually replace them with volunteers. To find out how this experiment ended, read the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.
"Wolf Cub": A story that hasn't been read for one hundred and twenty years
Misty autumnal Petersburg. A well-fed artist, enamored with the beauty of the city, encounters a homeless boy—hungry, proud, bristling like a wolf cub. The boy asks, "Take me with you." Out of whim and curiosity, the artist takes him—partly as a servant, partly as a picturesque "model." Behind the anecdote of the meeting of two worlds, the well-fed and the impoverished, lies a bitter question: is it possible to tame a wolf cub, and what will this endeavor cost both of them?
The specialist in Roman history of Antiquity, Nikita Tsybikov, suggests tracing the political history of Rome from the first symptoms of the crisis of the republican model in the second half of the 2nd century BC to the decline of the rule of the first dynasty of emperors from the Julio-Claudian family in the second half of the 1st century AD.
The history of the Weimar Republic is inextricably linked with the history of political parties. Like the republic itself, these parties did not appear out of nowhere and did not disappear into oblivion. The roots of most of them lay in the Kaiserreich, and after a 12-year Nazi hiatus, most were reestablished or served as the foundation for the creation of new parties that defined the political life of both German states in the second half of the 20th century.