The ideas of the Enlightenment have always sparked heated debates, and many, while accepting certain elements of the era's worldview, decisively rejected others. Where is your limit of Enlightenment? Take the test and find out who you resemble more: the reactionary de Maistre, the conservative Burke, the religious philosopher Hamann, or the romantic nationalist Herder.

Imagology is a young academic discipline that studies how images of "other" ethnic and national communities are created, function, and are interpreted. Read historian Olga Berezina's article to learn about the origins of imagology and the differences between Western and Russian approaches to this discipline.

The Weimar Republic led an active political life.

The Catholic Center Party was the right-centrist foundation of the Weimar Republic. Ministers from this party served in all governments from 1919 to 1932, and its representatives became chancellors several times. The Center cooperated with all ideological camps, and thus was involved in both the creation and the dismantling of the republic.

The German Democrats were the third pillar of the "Weimar Coalition" alongside the Social Democrats and Catholic Centrists. It was their representative who wrote the republican Constitution. However, having received significant trust at the very beginning of the republic, the left liberals steadily lost their popularity until they were ultimately swept away.