Authors

History

Gladiatorial Fights and Roman Emperors

Gladiatorial games are one of the most famous attributes of ancient Roman civilization. In his material, historian Danil Golovin explains how the pagan emperors of Rome initially used gladiators to strengthen their own legitimacy, and how their Christian successors banned these bloody spectacles. After reading the article, we invite you to take a test and find out what kind of gladiator you would become!

History

What kind of gladiator are you?

Gladiators have become one of the symbols of Ancient Rome. Answer eight questions and find out which type of arena warrior suits you best!

History

Dictatorship in Ancient Rome

The modern reader is likely to perceive the term "dictatorship" as synonymous with "despotism" and "tyranny," recalling the notorious regimes of the 20th century. However, for the Romans, this term was associated with entirely different things. To learn about how the Romans perceived dictatorship, how it functioned and evolved over time, read the article by historian Nikita Tsybikov.

History

Under the Red Flag Against the Bolsheviks: The History of KOMUCH

In the public consciousness, the central conflict of the Russian Civil War is the confrontation between the "Reds" and the "Whites." Meanwhile, in 1918, representatives of socialist parties, primarily the Socialist Revolutionaries, who considered themselves the "true" revolutionaries, were at the forefront of anti-Bolshevik resistance in eastern Russia. Under their leadership, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (KOMUCH) was established in the Volga region, which historian Said Zalyaev discusses in his article.

Political science

State: History of the Concept

In his article, historian Said Zalyaev examines how during the Modern Era in Western Europe, the meaning of the concept "state" transformed from a statement of the ruler's effectiveness to the definition of an abstract political entity with territory and population. Additionally, the author traces the history of the Russian-language concept of "state" and compares it with Western European counterparts.

History

Volunteer and Revolutionary: An Attempt to Save the Russian Army in 1917

In 1917, the Russian army found itself in a deep crisis. Amidst the ongoing war, the successive governments required unconventional methods to maintain combat readiness and revive the military spirit. The response to the crisis was the concept of a volunteer revolutionary army, which was supposed to inspire regular units of conscripts and eventually replace them as the foundation for the armed forces. To find out how this experiment ended, read the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.

History

Imagology: Towards the History of the Discipline

Imagology is a young academic discipline that studies how images of "other" ethnic and national communities are created, function, and are interpreted. Read about how imagology originated and the differences between Western and Russian approaches to this discipline in the article by historian Olga Berezina.

History

Parties of the Weimar Republic

The history of the Weimar Republic is inextricably linked with the history of the political parties that operated during that period. But like the republic itself, these parties did not appear out of nowhere and did not disappear into nothingness. The roots of most of them lie in the Kaiserreich, and after a 12-year hiatus in the form of the Nazi dictatorship, most of them were reestablished or served as the basis for the creation of new parties that defined the political life of both German states in the second half of the 20th century.

Philosophy

Your Inner Enlightener

If you lived in the Age of Enlightenment, you would surely be debating freedom of speech, equality, and morality by candlelight in a Parisian salon. But whose ideas would you defend to the end? Take the test and find out who is hidden within you: the rebel Voltaire, the dreamer Rousseau, the jurist Montesquieu, or the strict judge of reason Kant.

Literature

Voices of Eternity: Test on Ancient Literature

Ancient literature is the foundation of the entire European cultural tradition. It has given us heroic epics, tragedies and comedies, philosophical dialogues, and the first literary theories. This test will help you check how well you know the works, authors, and key ideas of antiquity.