By the end of the 19th century, the political and social structure that had developed in the young Italian state began to face serious socio-economic challenges, driven by long-overdue economic reforms and land issues, particularly in the south of the country. One of the most vivid and tragic manifestations of social discontent was the Fasci Siciliani movement, which emerged in Sicily in the early 1890s and led to mass uprisings and riots across the island.